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Battle of Concepción
The Battle of Concepción was fought on October 28, 1835, between Mexican troops under Colonel Domingo Ugartechea and Texian insurgents led by James Bowie and James Fannin. The 30-minute engagement, which historian J. R. Edmondson describes as "the first major engagement of the Texas Revolution",〔 occurred on the grounds of Mission Concepción, south of what is now Downtown San Antonio in the U.S. state of Texas.
On October 13, the newly created Texian Army under Stephen F. Austin had marched towards Bexar, where General Martín Perfecto de Cos commanded the remaining Mexican soldiers in Texas. On October 27, Austin sent Bowie and Fannin, with 90 soldiers, to find a defensible spot near Bexar for the Texian Army to rest. After choosing a site near Mission Concepción, the scouting party camped for the night and sent a courier to notify Austin. After learning that the Texian Army was divided, Cos sent Ugartechea with 275 soldiers to attack the Texians camped at Concepción. The Texians took cover in a horseshoe-shaped gully; their good defensive position, longer firing range, and better ammunition helped them to repel several Mexican attacks, and the Mexican soldiers retreated just 30 minutes before the remainder of the Texian Army arrived. Historians estimate that between 14 and 76 Mexican soldiers were killed, while only one Texian soldier died.
==Background==
The newly organized Texian Army, determined to put a decisive end to Mexican control over Texas, began marching towards San Antonio de Bexar on October 13, 1835.〔Barr (1990), p. 6.〕 Days earlier, General Martín Perfecto de Cos, brother-in-law of the Mexican president, had arrived in Bexar to take command of all the Mexican forces in Texas.〔Barr (1990), p. 12.〕 By October 20 the Texians—led by Stephen F. Austin, the first empresario to bring English-speaking settlers to Texas〔Mexican Texas included the land north of the Medina and the Nueces Rivers, northeast of the Rio Grande, west of San Antonio de Béxar, and east of the Sabine River. According to Manchaca's ''Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black, and White Roots of Mexican Americans'', by 1834 an estimated 30,000 English-speakers lived in Texas, compared with only 7,800 of Spanish heritage.〕—had reached Salado Creek and initiated a siege of Béxar.〔Barr (1990), p. 15.〕〔Hardin (1994), p. 53.〕 To keep the Texians from examining Mexican defensive measures, Mexican troops attempted to restrict access to and from the city. Despite those efforts, several people were able to leave their homes and join the Texians.〔Barr (1990), p. 17.〕 Among those was James Bowie, who was well known for his fighting prowess; stories of his exploits in the Sandbar Fight and his search for the lost San Saba mine had been widely reported.〔Hardin (1994), p. 29.〕
On October 22, Austin named Bowie a colonel and gave him joint command of the 1st Battalion with Captain James W. Fannin.〔〔Barr (1990),p. 18.〕 Before nightfall the 1st Battalion began a reconnaissance mission to evaluate the former missions around San Antonio as potential campsites. Locals familiar with the area, Juan Seguín and his Texians, would guide the men along the river.〔Hardin (1994), p. 29.〕 After investigating three of the missions, Bowie and Fannin selected Mission San Francisco de la Espada as the most promising campsite.〔Barr (1990), p. 19.〕 The rest of the Texian Army joined them there early on October 27. Eager to move closer to Bexar, Austin immediately sent Bowie and Fannin to find a good defensive spot for the army to rest that night.〔Barr (1990), p. 22.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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